LONEITUTE THIAN
Loneitu Hriat Tur Puanchhuahna
Loneitu Hriat Tur Puanchhuahna
Introduction : Chaw a kan intodelh theihna tur ngaihtuahin Pit digging chungchang kan sawi dawn a, Pit digging hi buh chinna tur khur laia, theih ang anga leithaa la tang zui tur hnimhnahte nena vur leha buh chin hi a ni ta ber mai awm e. Hetiang hi kum 1995 atang khan AMFU (All Mizoram Farmers Union) chuan an tlangau pui tawh a. Tha leh hlawk nia an rin em avangin ring takin an tlangau puia, loneitute beng a verh hle. Loneitute chang nilovin kan sawrkar thar pawhin (chutih laia sawrkarna chelhtu) ei leh bara intodelhna tura thil itawm leh hmanraw tha ni thei tura a ngaih ve avangin nasa zawka uar a tum mek a ni .
Pit digging hi thlai dang tan pawh kan recommend deuh zel lai hian buh chinna tura khur laih hi kan la ti ngai lova. Tunah chuan buh chinna tur sawi nan kan hmang bik deuh pawh a ang dawn dawn ta. AMFU phei chuan ‘MIZO METHOD’ tia kovin, an lehkhabu chhuah chu ‘MIZO METHOD Survival Packages For Mountain Tribes in India’ an ti hial a, Government of India pawhin, ‘Mizo Farming System’ tiin a sawi bawk (9th Pre Kharif Interface between DAC-ICAR, 16-17th March 1999, Recommendations, page 21). Hetiang taka sawi pawimawh a nih tan mek lai hian zir chian ngai hle in MAGSA (Mizoram Agriculture Graduate Service Association) hruaitute chuan an hria a, paper ziah hial a lo tul ta a ni.
Kan Thlen Chin : Pit digging hi Agriculture Department chuan a la hriatpui ve lem lova. Zirchianna pawh a la nei lo. Chuvangin, recommend tur ang zawng emaw, recommend lo tur zawngin emaw sawi tur a la nei lo. Kan field staff zing a mi ten mahni mimal tuipui thila an sawi ve a nih chuan thu hran nise.
Kan sawi tak ang khan AMFU chuan khur laia leithaa hnawhkhaha buh chin thar hlawk dan sawiin an zuar thiam riauva, khawpuiah leh thingtlangah a thang darh chak hle. ICAR pawhin duh leh approve mai dawna sawi a ni thin. Plan 9-naa telh tura hma lak mek ni a sawi a ni bawk. (Zoram Loneitu, April - June ‘98 page 8). Hetiang sawi ni bawk mah se, ICAR Kolasib Centre pawhin research mumal an la nei lo. Preliminary stage-a la awm niin sawi a ni. Tin, hetianga buh chin chungchangah hian mumal taka literature emaw recommendation emaw siam a la awm lo.
Loneitute zingah tun thlengin hlawhtlinpui tak tak sawi tur mumal an awm hrih lova, amaherawhchu, hmun hrang hranga loneituten tlem te tea an enchhinnaah khur 12-a buh tin khat thar te, khur 15-a tin khat thar te, khur 10-a tin khat thar sawi turte pawh an awm. AMFU ho record danin average a khur 15-a Tin khat thar thei a ngaih a ni. A khur size erawh a intiat lo (Zoram Loneitu, April - June ’98 page 8). Pu. P. C. Nundanga AMFU Hqr. Exe. Secretary pawhin kum 1998 chhung khan Mualpui (Aizawl)-a a enchhinnaah, khur 25-a buh tin khat a thar thu a sawi. Pit digging hi buh tin khat hmuna ]in 300 chuang thar theih ngeina tura beisei a ni.
Hetih lai hian Pu Lalhmachhuana, Head Teacher, Changzawl khua chuan, kumin 1999 February thla khan chulah khur 3000 laiin lei chunglang, Japan hlo, Tlangsam hlo leh buhpawl hmanga a chhilh thute, May thlaa buh a tuha buh to a that thute a sawi a. Amaherawhchu, hnimhnah in up tawihin boruak lum a siam vanga buh to a chhiat tial tial thute leh June thla tira buh a thih zawh vek avanga a beidawn fel tawh thu ni 12.8.1999 khan a sawi. Hetih lai hian khur chu chawh leh vek anih thu leh a lum viau thu a sawi bawk. A khur laih len zawng hi 1 ft bial, 8” a thuk leh 1.5 ft a inhlat a ni.
Pu Lalrinzuala Chawngte (P) a mi pawhin ni 23.7.1999 khan Editor, Zoram Loneitu hnenah khur 600 laia buh a chin thu leh eng a an vak loh thu a rawn report a. Anni hi Zoram Loneitu April - June ‘98 issue - a hlawk zawka buh leh bal thar thei turin engtinnge tan kan lak ang ? tih thu Pu Vanlalngaia, President AMFU Hqr. ziak an chhiar atanga ti ve tute an ni.
Source : Lalthanzuala
MSc.(Ag) ,Agro, PG Dip.Agmark
Thlai chin dan
Department of Agriculture (Crop Husbandry)
Mizoram
Page No : 164- 167
First Edition-2011
Method : Pit digging kalphung chu ‘Monoculture’ a ni. Khur laih zawh len zawng tur (size) mumal taka recommend a awm thin lova, spacing ah pawh a awm bawk thin lo. A tlara tih tur nge buhbi pangngai ang deuhva laih tur tihte pawh sawi a la awm lo. Amaherawhchu, Mizo Method bu phek 4-naah chuan kumhlun turin chulah khur ft 1 a inhlata laih tur anih thute, khur len zawng pawh a ram awih dan (slope %) azira Sq. ft.1 atanga duh dan ang tiata laih a rem thu sawi a ni thung, a thuk zawng erawh sawi a ni lo. A slope dan a zira khur rem zin dan tur sawi a ni lo bawk. A hlawk dan pawh hi Hectare 1 ah ton 4-6 lai thar theihna ni a sawi a ni. Zoram Loneituah thung chuan tlang pang awih tlana khur ft 1 bial 8” vel a thuk a that tawk mai thu sawi a ni. A khur kar pawh a buh pen duhdan azira ft 1.5 atanga 2 te tha tawka ngaih anih thu sawi a ni a. Khur chu tlang chip atanga a mawng tawlh zawnga laih tura tih a ni.
Tin, heng Japan hlo, tlangsam hnah, buar leh a dang leitha atana khura hnawhte hi a tawih hma bik thute sawi anih rualin chawlhkar 3 ah chuan leitha atana hman nghal theih anih tawh thu ziah lan a ni bawk. Chungchu buh chin hmaa chawh leh hmasak tura tih a ni. Khur bit dan emaw tam lam hi a len a tet sawi lova ft 1 dan zela laiin phaizawl tin 1 hmun (3 bighas) ah 11,520 lengin an hisap a, tlangram awihpangah 5,000 leng tura hisap a ni. Hetah pawh hian eng anga slope (%) ah nge tih a awm lo.
Pit digging ah hian recommend neia thil tih a awm chiah loh avang leh a itawmna leh thatna lam hlir inkawhhmuh anih hrih avang hian an sawi leh mitthla bakah a ti chhunten tlem tlema an tih ang apiang hi Pit digging tih dan a ni hrih mai awm e. Chula tih tura sawi anih lai hian kum hmasa in eng thlai nge chin tur tih pawh sawi a awm chuang lo. A itawm em avang hian ringthara khur lai leh chula khur lai an inzah nawk mai thei. Ring thara khur lai tan khura dah tur hnimhnah a vang duh hle ang.
Irrigation lam sawi a awm lova, ruah vantla ringa tih tura ngaihsa ni awm tak a ni.
Economics : Sumdawngte, factory neitute leh businessmen dangten an thil tih an bansan fo nachhan chu a hlawk loh vang a ni fo. Hlawklo satliah pawh nilovin a then phei chuan an tlakchhiat phah hial thin. Mitam takin an lo bansan tawh hnu hi tih thar tum an awm mek zel bawk a, a chhan chu hlawka an rin vang a ni. Chawibelh tura inhambuai tumahin an peih ngai lo.
Pit digging pawh hi fak viau bawk mah ila a hlawk leh hlawk loh chungchang zirna a la awm lo niin a lang. Chuvangin, a hlawk ti a sawi theih leh sawi ngam a la nilova, chu chu recommend tur anih leh nih loh reltu ber a ni si. Hlawk leh itawm anga ti langtu chu hectare 1 hmunah ton 4-6 thar theihna ni a sawi a ni. Amaherawhchu, buh kung tha leh khur duhawm zual bik tlem azawng tehkhawnga hman anih chuan a dik ngai lovang. Tuna thingtlang lova kan thar hlawk dan chu kum 1998-99 khan 1.26 ton/ha a la ni si a. Thingtlang lovah rau rau pawh buh thar rang a la thar tha deuh zawk a, chu pawh chu 1.31 ton/ha chauh a ni.
Khur hi kumhlun tura ngaih anih laiin Mizoram ang ruahtui tamna, hmun zawl leh ram rem nei mang lovah hian kumhlun (Permanent) tur em hian kan nei thei angemaw ? Ruahtui hian kum hnih khat lekah hian a tleuh fai leh vek thin anga khur lai reng reng hian kan buai anga kan hlawk ngut lovang tih hi a hlauhawm thei bawk. Terrace-a Pit digging laih tih lah sawi a awm mang si lova.
Tin, Chemical fertilizer leh plant protection chemical hmang lova kum tam ching zawn tura kan inbuatsaih pawh hi inzirtir chian a ngai.
Suggestion & Discussion : Kan sawi tawh angin pit digging chungchangah hian duhthusam, mitthla leh rin thu deuhte hi kan recommend zui a ang thin. Thlai dang zawng zawng tih mai tur tlangram, ruah vantla ringa chin turte khur tha tak laia lei thate nena chhilha chin emaw, ridge leh furrow te siam leh bed mumal tak siama chin tura kan recommend thin laiin buh hi kan sawi lem si lova. Kum tin tlangram lovah kan ching a, kan thar hlawk lem lo bawk a. Hetih lai hian pit digging kan zir mek atangte hian keini Agriculture Department-a mithiam, discipline hrang hrang a mi te hian kan hriatnate finkhawma zir chian a tul ta. Tah chuan approach hrang hrang a awm ang:
(1) Organic Farming, Inorganic Farming leh Integrated Farming. A Comparative Study or Trial.
(2) Physiographical Trial- A Comperative Study of slope percentage for pit digging cultivation.
(3) Economical Study- Government of India-in thutawp siam hmain Techno-Economic evaluation neih phawt ni rawh se, a tih angin uluk taka zir zui a ngai a ni.
Henga kan zir tur tarchhuah bakah ngaih pawimawh leh zir ngai dang pawh a awm thei ang. A khawi lai pawh chu zir ila kum khat data mai duhtawk lova kum 3 emaw kum 5 emaw data atang tala buatsaih leh thutawp siam nise.
Conclusion : Tlangram buh chin hi kan ram leh food habit enin bansan mai hmel kan pu lova, chuvangin tuna AMFU in thahnemngaia pit digging an lo tih mek leh practice dang buh thar ti punga hlawk thei tur zir chhuah a ngai ta a. Tuna mi hi tha tawk lo a kan hria a niha, kan improve thei anih chuan bawhzui in recommendation siam ila. A tha dawn lova kan ngai anih leh a thlakna tur pawh dap chhuah thuai a ngai ang.